Source to Process
Compilers
COP-3402

The five steps:

cat > hello.c << EOT
#include <stdio.h>
int main() { printf("hello, world!\n"); }
EOT
gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i
gcc -S hello.i -o hello.s
as hello.s -o hello.o
ld /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so hello.o -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -o hello
./hello

The five steps, with commands to inspect the outputs:

cat hello.c
gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i
cat hello.i
gcc -S hello.i -o hello.s
cat hello.s
as hello.s -o hello.o
objdump -d hello.o
objdump -t hello.o
ld /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so hello.o -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -o hello
objdump -d hello
objdump -t hello

The five steps, but with static linking:

cat > hello.c << EOT
#include <stdio.h>
int main() { printf("hello, world!\n"); }
EOT
gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i
gcc -S hello.i -o hello.s
as hello.s -o hello.o
# gcc -v -static -o hello hello.o
ld -static -o hello /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/crtbeginT.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13 -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../.. hello.o --start-group -lgcc -lgcc_eh /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.a --end-group /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/13/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
./hello