The SCM distribution has Makefile which contains rules for making scmlit, a "bare-bones" version of SCM sufficient for running `build.scm'. `build.scm' is used to compile (or create scripts to compile) full featured versions.
Makefiles are not portable to the majority of platforms. If `Makefile' works for you, good; If not, I don't want to hear about it. If you need to compile SCM without build.scm, there are several ways to proceed:
[SLIB] is a portable Scheme library meant to provide compatibility and utility functions for all standard Scheme implementations. Although SLIB is not neccessary to run SCM, I strongly suggest you obtain and install it. Bug reports about running SCM without SLIB have very low priority. SLIB is available from the same sites as SCM:
Unpack SLIB (`tar xzf slib2c4.tar.gz' or `unzip -ao
slib2c4.zip') in an appropriate directory for your system; both
tar and unzip will create the directory `slib'.
Then create a file `require.scm' in the SCM implementation-vicinity (this is the same directory as where the file `Init5c4.scm' is installed). `require.scm' should have the contents:
(define (library-vicinity) "/usr/local/lib/slib/") (load (in-vicinity (library-vicinity) "require"))
where the pathname string `/usr/local/lib/slib/' is to be replaced by the pathname into which you installed SLIB. Absolute pathnames are recommended here; if you use a relative pathname, SLIB can get confused when the working directory is changed (see section I/O-Extensions). The way to specify a relative pathname is to append it to the implementation-vicinity, which is absolute:
(define library-vicinity
(let ((lv (string-append (implementation-vicinity) "../slib/")))
(lambda () lv)))
(load (in-vicinity (library-vicinity) "require"))
Alternatively, you can set the (shell) environment variable
SCHEME_LIBRARY_PATH to the pathname of the SLIB directory
(see section Environment Variables). If
set, the environment variable overrides `require.scm'. Again,
absolute pathnames are recommended.
The file build.scm builds and runs a relational database of how to compile and link SCM executables. It has information for most platforms which SCM has been ported to (of which I have been notified). Some of this information is old, incorrect, or incomplete. Send corrections and additions to jaffer@ai.mit.edu.
The all method will also work for MS-DOS and unix. Use the all method if you encounter problems with `build.scm'.
(load "build.scm"). Alternatively, start `scm' or
`scmlit' with the command line argument `-ilbuild'.
Invoking build without the `-F' option will build or create a shell
script with the arrays, inexact, and bignums
options as defaults.
bash$ ./build.scm
-|
#!/bin/sh
rm -f scmflags.h
echo '#define IMPLINIT "/home/jaffer/scm/Init5c4.scm"'>>scmflags.h
echo '#define BIGNUMS'>>scmflags.h
echo '#define FLOATS'>>scmflags.h
echo '#define ARRAYS'>>scmflags.h
gcc -O2 -c continue.c scm.c findexec.c script.c time.c repl.c scl.c \
eval.c sys.c subr.c unif.c rope.c
gcc -rdynamic -o scm continue.o scm.o findexec.o script.o time.o \
repl.o scl.o eval.o sys.o subr.o unif.o rope.o -lm -lc
To cross compile for another platform, invoke build with the `-p' or `---platform=' option. This will create a script for the platform named in the `-p' or `---platform=' option.
bash$ ./build.scm -p vms
-|
$DELETE scmflags.h
$CREATE scmflags.h
$DECK
#define IMPLINIT "/home/jaffer/scm/Init5c4.scm"
#define BIGNUMS
#define FLOATS
#define ARRAYS
$EOD
$ cc continue scm findexec script time repl scl eval sys subr unif rope
$ macro setjump
$ link continue,scm,findexec,script,time,repl,scl,eval,sys,subr,unif,rope,setjump,sys$input/opt
-lc,sys$share:vaxcrtl/share
$RENAME continue.exe scm.exe
The options to build specify what, where, and how to build a SCM program or dynamically linked module. These options are unrelated to the SCM command line options.
The platforms defined by table platform in `build.scm' are:
Table: platform name processor operating-system compiler symbol processor-family operating-system symbol symbol atom symbol symbol ================= ================= ================= ================= *unknown* *unknown* unix *unknown* acorn-unixlib acorn *unknown* *unknown* aix powerpc aix *unknown* alpha alpha osf1 cc alpha-elf alpha unix *unknown* alpha-linux alpha linux gcc amiga-aztec m68000 amiga aztec amiga-dice-c m68000 amiga dice-c amiga-gcc m68000 amiga gcc amiga-sas/c-5.10 m68000 amiga sas/c atari-st-gcc m68000 atari.st gcc atari-st-turbo-c m68000 atari.st turbo-c borland-c-3.1 8086 ms-dos borland-c cygwin32 i386 unix gcc djgpp i386 ms-dos gcc freebsd i386 unix cc gcc *unknown* unix gcc highc.31 i386 ms-dos highc hp-ux hp-risc hp-ux *unknown* irix mips irix gcc linux i386 linux gcc linux-aout i386 linux gcc microsoft-c 8086 ms-dos microsoft-c microsoft-c-nt i386 ms-dos microsoft-c microsoft-quick-c 8086 ms-dos microsoft-quick-c ms-dos 8086 ms-dos *unknown* os/2-cset i386 os/2 c-set++ os/2-emx i386 os/2 gcc sun-svr4-gcc-sunl sparc sunos gcc sunos sparc sunos *unknown* svr4 *unknown* unix *unknown* turbo-c-2 8086 ms-dos turbo-c unicos cray unicos *unknown* unix *unknown* unix *unknown* vms vax vms *unknown* vms-gcc vax vms gcc watcom-9.0 i386 ms-dos watcom
The default is to build an executable.
system procedure.
(current-output-port).
-g flags for debugging SCM source
code.
(eq? '() '#f) is the major difference.
make_gsubr for arbitrary (< 11) arguments to C functions.
A correspondent asks:
How can we link in our own c files to the SCM interpreter so that we can add our own functionality? (e.g. we have a bunch of tcp functions we want access to). Would this involve changing build.scm or the Makefile or both?
(see section Changing Scm has instructions describing the C code format). Suppose a C file foo.c has functions you wish to add to SCM. To compile and link your file at compile time, use the `-c' and `-i' options to build:
bash$ build -c foo.c -i init_foo
-|
#!/bin/sh
rm -f scmflags.h
echo '#define IMPLINIT "/home/jaffer/scm/Init5c4.scm"'>>scmflags.h
echo '#define COMPILED_INITS init_foo();'>>scmflags.h
echo '#define BIGNUMS'>>scmflags.h
echo '#define FLOATS'>>scmflags.h
echo '#define ARRAYS'>>scmflags.h
gcc -O2 -c continue.c scm.c findexec.c script.c time.c repl.c scl.c \
eval.c sys.c subr.c unif.c rope.c foo.c
gcc -rdynamic -o scm continue.o scm.o findexec.o script.o time.o \
repl.o scl.o eval.o sys.o subr.o unif.o rope.o foo.o -lm -lc
To make a dynamically loadable object file use the -t dll option:
bash$ build -t dll -c foo.c -| #!/bin/sh rm -f scmflags.h echo '#define IMPLINIT "/home/jaffer/scm/Init5c4.scm"'>>scmflags.h echo '#define BIGNUMS'>>scmflags.h echo '#define FLOATS'>>scmflags.h echo '#define ARRAYS'>>scmflags.h echo '#define DLL'>>scmflags.h gcc -O2 -fpic -c foo.c gcc -shared -o foo.so foo.o -lm -lc
Once `foo.c' compiles correctly (and your SCM build supports
dynamic-loading), you can load the compiled file with the Scheme command
(load "./foo.so"). See section Configure Module Catalog for how to
add a compiled dll file to SLIB's catalog.
Dynamic linking has not been ported to all platforms. Operating systems
in the BSD family (a.out binary format) can usually be ported to
DLD. The dl library (#define SUN_DL for SCM) was a
proposed POSIX standard and may be available on other machines with
COFF binary format. For notes about porting to MS-Windows and
finishing the port to VMS section Finishing Dynamic Linking.
DLD is a library package of C functions that performs dynamic link editing on Linux, VAX (Ultrix), Sun 3 (SunOS 3.4 and 4.0), SPARCstation (SunOS 4.0), Sequent Symmetry (Dynix), and Atari ST. It is available from:
prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/dld-3.3.tar.gz
These notes about using libdl on SunOS are from `gcc.info':
On a Sun, linking using GNU CC fails to find a shared library and reports that the library doesn't exist at all.
This happens if you are using the GNU linker, because it does only static linking and looks only for unshared libraries. If you have a shared library with no unshared counterpart, the GNU linker won't find anything.
We hope to make a linker which supports Sun shared libraries, but please don't ask when it will be finished--we don't know.
Sun forgot to include a static version of `libdl.a' with some versions of SunOS (mainly 4.1). This results in undefined symbols when linking static binaries (that is, if you use `-static'). If you see undefined symbols `_dlclose', `_dlsym' or `_dlopen' when linking, compile and link against the file `mit/util/misc/dlsym.c' from the MIT version of X windows.
The SLIB module catalog can be extended to define other
require-able packages by adding calls to the Scheme source file
`mkimpcat.scm'. Within `mkimpcat.scm', the following
procedures are defined.
#f.
If object-file exists, the add-link procedure registers
symbol feature so that the first time require is called
with the symbol feature as its argument, object-file and the
lib1 ... are dynamically linked into the executing SCM
session.
If object-file exists, add-link returns #t,
otherwise it returns #f.
For example, to install a compiled dll `foo', add these lines to `mkimpcat.scm':
(add-link 'foo
(in-vicinity (implementation-vicinity) "foo"
link:able-suffix))
add-alias registers alias as an alias for feature.
An unspecified value is returned.
add-alias causes (require 'alias) to behave like
(require 'feature).
add-source
registers feature so that the first time require is called
with the symbol feature as its argument, the file filename
will be loaded. An unspecified value is returned.
Remember to delete the file `slibcat' after modifying the file `mkimpcat.scm' in order to force SLIB to rebuild its cache.
In SCM, the ability to save running program images is called dump
(see section Dump). In order to make dump available to SCM, build
with feature `dump'. dumped executables are compatible with
dynamic linking.
Most of the code for dump is taken from `emacs-19.34/src/unex*.c'. No modifications to the emacs source code were required to use `unexelf.c'. Dump has not been ported to all platforms. If `unexec.c' or `unexelf.c' don't work for you, try using the appropriate `unex*.c' file from emacs.
These `#defines' are automatically provided by preprocessors of
various C compilers. SCM uses the presence or absence of these
definitions to configure include file locations and aliases for
library functions. If the definition(s) corresponding to your system
type is missing as your system is configured, add -Dflag to
the compilation command lines or add a #define flag line to
`scmfig.h' or the beginning of `scmfig.h'.
#define Platforms: ------- ---------- ARM_ULIB Huw Rogers free unix library for acorn archimedes AZTEC_C Aztec_C 5.2a __CYGWIN32__ cygwin32(?) _DCC Dice C on AMIGA __GNUC__ Gnu CC (and DJGPP) __EMX__ Gnu C port (gcc/emx 0.8e) to OS/2 2.0 __HIGHC__ MetaWare High C __IBMC__ C-Set++ on OS/2 2.1 _MSC_VER MS VisualC++ 4.2 MWC Mark Williams C on COHERENT __MWERKS__ Metrowerks Compiler; Macintosh and WIN32 (?) _POSIX_SOURCE ?? _QC Microsoft QuickC __STDC__ ANSI C compliant __TURBOC__ Turbo C and Borland C __USE_POSIX ?? __WATCOMC__ Watcom C on MS-DOS __ZTC__ Zortech C _AIX AIX operating system AMIGA SAS/C 5.10 or Dice C on AMIGA __amigados__ Gnu CC on AMIGA atarist ATARI-ST under Gnu CC GNUDOS DJGPP (obsolete in version 1.08) __GO32__ DJGPP (future?) hpux HP-UX linux Linux macintosh Macintosh (THINK_C and __MWERKS__ define) MCH_AMIGA Aztec_c 5.2a on AMIGA MSDOS Microsoft C 5.10 and 6.00A __MSDOS__ Turbo C, Borland C, and DJGPP nosve Control Data NOS/VE SVR2 System V Revision 2. __svr4__ SunOS THINK_C developement environment for the Macintosh ultrix VAX with ULTRIX operating system. unix most Unix and similar systems and DJGPP (!?) __unix__ Gnu CC and DJGPP _UNICOS Cray operating system vaxc VAX C compiler VAXC VAX C compiler vax11c VAX C compiler VAX11 VAX C compiler _Windows Borland C 3.1 compiling for Windows _WIN32 MS VisualC++ 4.2 under Windows-NT vms (and VMS) VAX-11 C under VMS. __alpha DEC Alpha processor __alpha__ DEC Alpha processor hp9000s800 HP RISC processor __i386__ DJGPP i386 DJGPP MULTIMAX Encore computer pyr Pyramid 9810 processor __sgi__ Silicon Graphics Inc. sparc SPARC processor sequent Sequent computer tahoe CCI Tahoe processor vax VAX processor
sizet definition is correct in `scmfig.h'.
Reduce size of HEAP_SEG_SIZE in `setjump.h'.
sizet definition.
Use 32 bit compiler mode.
Don't try to run as subproccess
SCM_INIT_PATH to be the full pathname of
`Init5c4.scm' (see section Installing SCM).
SCHEME_LIBRARY_PATH to be the full
pathname of the scheme library [SLIB] or change library-vicinity in
`Init5c4.scm' to point to library or remove. See section `Installation' in SLIB.
Make sure the value of (library-vicinity) has a trailing file
separator (like / or \).
Loading `r4rstest.scm' in the distribution will run an [R4RS]
conformance test on scm.
> (load "r4rstest.scm")
-|
;loading "r4rstest.scm"
SECTION(2 1)
SECTION(3 4)
#<primitive-procedure boolean?>
#<primitive-procedure char?>
#<primitive-procedure null?>
#<primitive-procedure number?>
...
Loading `pi.scm' in the distribution will enable you to compute digits of pi.
> (load "pi") ;loading "pi" ;done loading "pi.scm" ;Evaluation took 20 mSec (0 in gc) 767 cells work, 233 bytes other #<unspecified> > (pi 100 5) 00003 14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 41971 69399 37510 58209 74944 59230 78164 06286 20899 86280 34825 34211 70679 ;Evaluation took 550 mSec (60 in gc) 36976 cells work, 1548 bytes other #<unspecified>
Loading `bench.scm' will compute and display performance statistics of SCM running `pi.scm'. `make bench' or `make benchlit' appends the performance report to the file `BenchLog', facilitating tracking effects of changes to SCM on performance.
#define SHORT_ALIGN in `scmfig.h'.
HEAP_SEG_SIZE fits within sizet.
Increase size of HEAP_SEG_SIZE (or INIT_HEAP_SIZE if it is
smaller than HEAP_SEG_SIZE).
#define CHEAP_CONTIUATIONS in `scmfig.h'.
Reported problems and solutions are grouped under Compiling, Linking,
Running, and Testing. If you don't find your problem listed there, you
can send a bug report to jaffer@ai.mit.edu. The bug report
should include:
SCM_INIT_PATH and
SCHEME_LIBRARY_PATH.
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